Whether you’re just starting out in the world of work, or have a few seasoned years of employment behind you, there has never been a better time to move from the world of employment into contracting.
While the much publicised financial benefits of contracting are often the main draw, for many the lifestyle benefits and freedom offered by being a contractor offer just as much benefit.
As the age of life long employment comes to an end, final salary pension schemes disappear and company/employee loyalty is at an all-time low, moving to contracting is becoming the preferred route for many as contracting offers much more control over both your income and ultimate career path.
What are the pros and cons of contracting?
Of course, there are pros and cons with any career move and while as a brand we’re naturally going to promote the benefits of contracting it’s important that you know the downsides that can come with the huge bump in take home.
While the average IT employee in the UK earns a decent £45,000, two out of every five IT contractors actually earns a hefty £500 per day, meaning that the salary equivalent for an IT contractor is a whopping £85,000 more at £130,000.
With such great incomes on offer it’s no wonder that around the world contracting is on the rise. Yet it’s not all gold plated pay cheques. For many contracting is a leap into an insecure world of short term contracts that can leave some out of work for weeks on end. Of course, that’s an extreme but without a good recruitment agency on hand to find your next contract or a decent pool of contacts it’s important to remember that a good day rate is only as good as the length of the contract you have right now.
As a contractor you’ll have to pay for insurance
But job security isn’t the only reason that contractor rates vary so wildly from their employed counterparts. The truth is that as a self-employed contractor you’re going to cover a large amount of the risks involved with fulfilling your work and the costs that come with employing you too; because after all they aren’t your boss any more, you are.
As a contractor you’re going to need insurance to cover the work you produce, you’re going to have to account for the costs of the time you take off on holiday (during which when you can’t invoice), and factor in costs you’ve never thought of before like processing your taxes or filing accounts. All these costs add up, which means that if you’re not careful, you might under-price your day rate and end up worse off overall.
Getting your day rate right is harder than it looks
Now a £85,000 hike for an IT contractor is probably going to be enough to cover it the extra costs you’ve taken on, but there are other contractors that won’t enjoy such hefty pay rises and as such getting your day rate right is paramount.
Once you know how much you’re going to earn, you’ll quickly need to plan out how you’re going to actually account for your time, invoice for your work and ensure you’re paying the right amount of tax. Until now you’ve simply shown up for work and then been paid on a fixed day each month.
No one came to you to ask you what you did or even how many hours you worked, but one day you woke up and you’d been paid your salary, less tax. Just in case you wanted to know how much that was there was a handy payslip provided too (all for free).
You’ll need to decide how you’re going to pay the right amount of tax
As a contractor that employee perk of waking up to find you’ve been paid is going to stop for all but one option (an umbrella company). If you’re comfortable with the extra responsibility of paying yourself and your taxes there’s varying ways for you to account for your time, and no one way is the best.
In order to get your tax affairs in order it’s really important that you fully understand your self-employed options before you start out.
In essence there are three ways by which a contractor can be paid, via working as a sole trader, as a company director/shareholder or through an umbrella company.
For most, working as a sole trader is quickly dismissed as an option because the cash flow implications of having to pay tax in advance are for many a big negative. This leaves most contractors weighing up whether to work through a Limited Company or an Umbrella Company.
So what is an umbrella company?
At Umbrella Broker, we specialise in helping contractors to compare umbrella companies online. To us, umbrella companies are the perfect vehicle for anyone considering contracting because they don’t have the hassle or long term problems associated with limited companies. This makes them perfect for people who aren’t sure if contracting is for them in the long term, as you can come and go as you please, only paying for them as and when you use their services. They are also the closest thing to being employed when it comes to your taxes, because you technically are employed for the purposes of paying them.
So what is an umbrella company? An umbrella is essentially an employer of contractors that exists solely to help them invoice for their time, collect their debts and pay the right amount of taxes.
The reason they employ contractors is simple, because by acting as the contractors employer they can process their taxes just like your employer would today, complete with a net tax payment into your bank account and payslip via email.
While you’ll retain the freedom you enjoy through being a contractor, this special arrangement for tax purposes is the perfect introduction to contracting. There is however one problem, umbrellas can be expensive, lowering your weekly or monthly net pay due to the amount you need to pay them to process your payroll (making finding the right one through a comparison site super important).
What happens when you sign up to an umbrella?
Once you’ve found the perfect umbrella for you, it’s important you understand how the engagement process between you, your umbrella and your new client will work.
It’s important to remember that signing an application isn’t the end of the process. In fact your application will allow the umbrella to talk to your agency, set you up on their payroll, provide you with insurance and talk you through how to submit your timesheets.
Then once you’re all set up you can take your first steps towards being a successful contractor.
If you’re reading this then you’ve just made your first brave step into the world of self-employment.
Leaving a secure job for a contract role can be daunting at first but you’re not alone. Every month thousands of highly qualified (and rational) employees leave their employed roles for the flexibility and financial rewards of contracting.
Contracting isn’t a short term fad, it’s a growing industry that’s thriving in a world where employee employer relationships are growing increasingly fickle.
For many, the prospect of a financial boost, coupled with more control over their ultimate career goes hand in hand with the inevitable anchors that come with starting a family. Whereas once many could work every hour possible, families and lifestyles now get in the way and a more focused working pattern of less hours and more income is needed.
With undefined working hours, unlimited holidays and zero management scrutiny, contracting not only fits the bill, it smashes it out the park.
But of course you know this, so with an abundance of things to get in order before you can start your contract where does a new contractor start?
Understanding IR35, the contractor tax
Contracting didn’t used to be the thriving industry it is now. Once upon a time it was an ad hoc way for people to earn some extra cash in their spare time. Born out of freelancing (frequent short term contracts with multiple clients), contracting was for many the medium term (3 months plus) equivalent to having a second job that actually paid better than the first.
Over time, many contractors realised they could earn more by contracting that in their equivalent employed roles, but this wasn’t the only reason for contracting becoming the powerhouse that it is today.
Contracting is thriving because it’s financially beneficial to the client too. There’s multiple reasons for this from Employers National Insurance (ENI) benefits, to the lack of pension contributions and lack of a long term commitment. While HMRC doesn’t particularly have an issue with companies not employing staff for the long term, it did have an issue with the drop in ENI contributions that resulted from a switch from employed to contracting, particularly if the switch was done just to benefit the contractor and client.
As a result HMRC and the government introduced legislation that we now know as IR35. Over the years this legislation has undergone several iterations. Starting out as a rather weak piece of legislation that tackled workers that left full time employment on a Friday and returned to the same workplace as a contractor on a Monday, in April 2017 a more beefed up IR35 changed the contractor landscape for ever.
While it had been previously up to the contractor to decide if their contract was subject to IR35 (and account for their taxes accordingly), from April 2017 for those contractors working in the public sector, the decision and ultimate tax liability with respect to IR35 compliance was left up to the client. As a result swathes of public sector clients declared their contractors subject to IR35 prompting en masse transfers to PAYE and umbrella company payment programs.
What are your invoicing and payment options?
If you’re caught by IR35 then your options are limited to either a PAYE limited company (which makes having the limited company largely pointless), agency PAYE or an umbrella company.
However, in the event that you’re not caught by IR35, then you have three main self-employment options available to you.
As a contractor, you’ll be able to invoice your client as:
- A sole trader
- A limited company
- Through an umbrella company
Each has their own particular way to work out your tax payments and their own rules about what expenses you can and can’t claim.
For most, operating as a sole trader is quickly dismissed as while it’s relatively tax efficient, you’ll need to pay some of your taxes on account a year in advance. For many this is a cash flow nightmare.
This leaves two real options, which combined about for around 99% of contractors on the market today; an umbrella company or a limited company.
Both have their respective benefits and weaknesses but here’s a short summary of limited vs umbrella:
- Limited company– marginally more tax efficient (recent tax changes have curbed the tax efficiencies on offer to contractors), complete control for the contractor but with more paperwork. Great for those with long term contracts and high non-recoverable expenses.
- Umbrella company – a low hassle way to contract that provides you with a payslip and lower fees than a limited company. Great for those unsure about the length of their contracting career, with low expenses or anyone that doesn’t want the tax headache that comes with the other routes.
Don’t forget that your choice will have implications on things like insurance
As a contractor you’re legally required to take out professional indemnity insurance to cover the event that your work causes harm to your client or their customers. Most clients or agencies will also require you to also take out public liability insurance to cover you in the vent in the course of fulfilling your work you cause someone harm or loss too.
Depending upon your choice of sole trader, limited company or umbrella, you will need to either pay for your insurances out of your own pocket or have it provided for free (by your umbrella).
So you’re leaving full time employment, what happens to your benefits?
This question entirely depends on your choice of invoicing method, however for most the only way to maintain some continuity with respect to their employed benefits is to choose an umbrella company.
While the first umbrellas were designed simply to employ contractors for the purposes of providing them with insurance and processing their payroll, with an abundance of umbrellas on the market today, most respectable umbrellas now offer employee benefit schemes such as perkbox.
While most of these schemes are designed to provide exclusive discounts at stores such as M&S or Ikea, some offer great little perks such as free coffee from café Nero.
In addition to employee benefits, compared to working through a limited company, with an umbrella you’ll also be able to benefit from statutory benefits such as holiday, maternity and sick pay.
But the benefits offered by your employer aren’t the only thing you will qualify for by working through an umbrella. As you’ll be classed as an employee you’ll still be able to claim working benefits such as the marriage allowance or childcare vouchers (soon to be childcare payments).
Finally then, regardless of your employed status you’ll still be able to contribute to your pension as a contractor. While as a sole trader or company director you’ll be able to offset your contributions against tax, as an employee of an umbrella your contributions will work just as they do now with your employer.
When you join your chosen umbrella, you’ll automatically be enrolled into their pension scheme and will be given the choice of which contributions to make. Alternatively you will also be able to opt out of the pension scheme if you’d prefer to invest your money into something else like property.
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